Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Spotlight on Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment

Pleural malignancies constitute either primary pleural malignancies, such as malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), or secondary pleural tumours, either from pleural metastasis or direct extension of adjacent tumours. Mesothelioma is a rare aggressive tumour of the pleural surfaces associated with prior asbestos exposure. Mesothelioma is also a challenging disease from a diagnostic staging, and treatment perspective and is rarely cured despite multimodal treatment. With incidence continuing to rise, this disease represents a serious global problem that needs urgent attention. This review provides an in-depth review of MPM. Recent advances in diagnostic approaches, such as imaging techniques and the role of immunohistochemistry and biomarkers, are discussed. Treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery as part of a multimodal approach, are reviewed, as well as the management of malignant pleural effusions.